What is a Heritage Conservation District (HCD)?
A Heritage Conservation District (HCD) is an area that is protected with a by-law passed under Part V of the Ontario Heritage Act, by City Council. It is an area that has been deemed special and worth preserving in the eyes of the City and its residences. An HCD can include any type of structure or space including schools, parks, apartment buildings, stores, cemeteries and houses. HCDs do not affect the interior or back of a property, only what you can see from the street. It can offer protection to trees, lot sizes and river stone walls.
How does a Heritage Conservation District work?
HCDs ensure that the fabric and character of areas with cultural heritage value are somewhat protected and conserved by managing change within it. HCD designation allows a municipality to protect and enhance the special characteristics of a designated area, as defined by local property owners themselves. Future changes to an HCD could be carried out in a sympathetic manner, as identified in the heritage conservation district plan for that area. It is a plan that looks to the future with an eye on the past.
How is a Heritage Conservation District created?
Please use the link below to understand how an HCD is created:
https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/8b9c-CityPlanning_WestonII_DisplayBoards.pdf
Myth #1: Heritage designation reduces a home’s value and makes it harder to sell.
Professor Robert Shipley, School of Planning, University of Waterloo investigated the sales of 2,707 properties designated under the Ontario Heritage Act over the past 20 years in 24 communities in Ontario. He found that:
- 74% of individually designated properties equaled or bettered the average property value trend in the community.
- The rate of sales among individually designated properties was equal to, or greater than, the general rate of sales of properties within their communities.
- Designated properties tend to resist downturns in the ambient market.
- Owners of designated buildings can benefit from expert advice from municipal heritage committees and preservation staff, and they may also be eligible for financial incentives such as grants, special loans and tax relief.
Myth #2: It is cheaper to demolish and rebuild than to restore a heritage building.
Charles K. Hoyt, in the Architectural Record says:
- Heritage conservation and restoration have several advantages over new construction. Many older buildings have unique and desirable features, such as ornate windows and finishes, high ceilings etc. that are prohibitively expensive to create in new buildings. Structural costs on an old building typicallymake up 5 - 12 % of total project costs - half the average expenditure for new construction.
Myth #3: Old building technology is not as efficient as modern replacements.
Paul Howley, a Stratford builder, who works on heritage buildings:
- Old houses were designed and built to last. Retrofitting with modern materials is only a short-term improvement. Modern materials don’t last as long as old materials that are properly maintained and kept in good repair.
Misconceptions About Heritage Structures
The building is not important enough to be worth saving.
- Heritage value comes in many forms. It can be a mansion or a worker’s cottage, a wall or a tree. Criteria and standards exist for establishing the significance of a structure.
- Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Meaning just because one does not know of the history to something doesn’t mean there isn’t any.
The building can’t be saved.
- Many famous buildings have been saved when they seem to be far beyond help. The Campbell House, Old City Hall and Union Station would be a few.
- Don’t judge a book by its cover. Houses may show superficial deterioration but be perfectly sound. Get advice from a qualified heritage architect or contractor.
The building has a bad history or memories attached to it.
- So does the Tower of London but of course that is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. Tragic or illegal events connected to a house does not need to make it undesirable.
Ontario has 134 Heritage Conservation Districts.
(see
http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/heritage/heritage_conserving_list.shtml
)
Studies show that the best loved places throughout the world, such as Paris and New York, are also the most highly regulated although each plan is unique according to what the community wants.
Heritage Conservation Districts:
Provide a sense of place and belonging:
- for newcomers and long time residents
- which makes for a safer neighbourhood
- not just in ones house but the street and the whole area
- gives a richer sense of where you live if you know why something has been done
Establish a unique planning framework:
- meant for each area alone
- which takes into account the local history character
- which acknowledges the importance of change balanced with retaining identity, character and key features
Create cultural and economic vitality:
- Over 70% of millennium home buyers would prefer an older home
- Local walking tours and house tours showcase the neighbourhood and create interest. People like to see old buildings, big trees, green spaces and places of history.
- 4.75 million visitors went to museums in Ontario in 2014 spending $291.9 million. 71% of millennials enjoy travel experiences which explore the history of an area, such as museums, historic churches and historic neighbourhoods.
- Heritage Preservation complements the production of arts and culture, all of which, in turn, fuels the new creative economy
- Supports specially skilled trades and trades people
- Prevents loss of resources and craftsmanship that cannot be found anymore
- Reports and studies on the effects of HCDs has shown an increase in property values for heritage structures
- Buildings in HCDs maintain their value better than others in a downturn.
- A landmark saved will continue to serve the community as a marker on the cultural chart of human history from one generation to the next.
Allow for stabilization and maintenance of the character of the neighbourhood:
- People get to know the neighbourhood better and understand why something is the way it is
- Prevents “demolition by neglect” which brings a neighbourhood down
Expand the sense of neighbourhood
- Collaborative nature of creating an HCD has proven to create stronger neighbourhoods
Help the environment
- The greenest building is the one that is already there, restored properly with as much of its original materials as possible. There are very few buildings that cannot be restored and reused, and in this era of green consciousness, old structures are often sought after.
- Construction and demolition waste make up to 27% of the overall waste stream in Canada. The industry is also the greatest producer of wood waste, making up between 25% and 45% of all solid waste generated in North America.
- Construction accounts for 50% of all the natural resources humans consume. 10% to 30% of greenhouse gas emissions are from the production and transportation of building materials and demolition waste.
- Old buildings don’t only embody history; they embody energy and carbon. Even the plainest brick box, one of no architectural interest, contains carbon in its structure and materials, and energy embodied in its construction.
- HCDs actively help conserve energy. Natural Resources Canada’s Urban Archetypes Project demonstrates that our heritage neighbourhoods and towns use less energy per capita than any other form of housing, because they are walkable communities.
- The materials used in most new constructions require more energy to produce than traditional materials. Rehabilitating a building requires less energy than building a new one, so fewer fossil fuels are wasted and less greenhouse gas is produced.
- Reusing old buildings fosters other green lifestyle choices.
- Saving a building also means saving all the energy that was used to build and maintain it. Demolishing buildings is quite simply a waste of energy.
City grants are available to help with conservation
Please follow this link and go to page 4, for some FAQs answered by the City of Toronto.
https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/9569-CityPlanning_Weston-CCM2_Boards.pdf
Yes. Heritage permits are routinely granted for installation of more energy efficient doors and windows as long as replacements are in keeping with the original character of the house and existing doors and windows could not be repaired or upgraded to make them more energy efficient.
Finding replacement windows and doors that are in character has become much easier as upgrading for energy savings has become common. Many suppliers now have lines of energy-efficient replacements that match the character of period homes. (One thing to remember is that the most green and efficient material may be the existing (presumably wood) material.)
It should be noted that in some cases, such as with stained glass transom windows, doors and windows will be heritage attributes that should not be replaced. Instead they can be repaired or restored in ways that make them more energy efficient.
Window and slate repair and restoration are often candidates for the City’s Heritage Grant Program.
Yes, except where the local guidelines for the preservation and enhancement of the HCD’s special character include requirements that only certain colours are to be used.
A heritage permit is required for painting masonry that has not previously been painted. Paint can cause a considerable amount of damage to brick and is not recommended.
It is intended that local residents themselves determine priorities for their HCDs, with the city administering a consistent process for studying and designating districts to ensure a higher standard of heritage conservation. The city provides their policies on their website:
https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2012/pg/bgrd/backgroundfile-44992.pdf
In most cases, yes.
In general, HCD designation does not:
- Restrict the use of property
- Interfere with renovations or alterations to the interior of a house (such as installation of modern conveniences or contemporary designs on the interior)
- Interfere with renovations, alterations or additions to the exterior of a house that are not visible from the street
- Prevent renovations or alterations to the front of a house that are in keeping with the heritage character of the HCD
- Impose onerous obligations or undue expenses to maintain property Restrict the sale of property
No Heritage Permit is required for the following types of projects:
- Interior renovations or alterations
- Exterior renovations, alterations or additions not visible from the street
- Exterior painting of wood, stucco or metal surfaces
- Repairs of existing exterior features using the original types of materials
- Installation of eaves troughs or weatherproofing
- Seasonal installation of removable storm/screen windows and doors
- Installation of exterior lights.
A Heritage Permit is required for:
- Any renovations, alterations or additions that are visible from the street and are not listed above.
- Repairs using a different material than the original or the existing material.
- Renovations that have an impact on the building’s heritage attributes, or involve demolition.
Requirements under the Ontario Heritage Act are in addition to requirements in municipal building codes or by-laws.
For information on Heritage Permits click on the following link and then go to page 6
https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/9569-CityPlanning_Weston-CCM2_Boards.pdf