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Heritage Conservation Districts


What is a Heritage Conservation District (HCD)?
A Heritage Conservation District (HCD) is an area that is protected with a by-law passed under Part V of the Ontario Heritage Act, by City Council. It is an area that has been deemed special and worth preserving in the eyes of the City and its residences. An HCD can include any type of structure or space including schools, parks, apartment buildings, stores, cemeteries and houses. HCDs do not affect the interior or back of a property, only what you can see from the street. It can offer protection to trees, lot sizes and river stone walls.

How does a Heritage Conservation District work?
HCDs ensure that the fabric and character of areas with cultural heritage value are somewhat protected and conserved by managing change within it. HCD designation allows a municipality to protect and enhance the special characteristics of a designated area, as defined by local property owners themselves. Future changes to an HCD could be carried out in a sympathetic manner, as identified in the heritage conservation district plan for that area. It is a plan that looks to the future with an eye on the past.

How is a Heritage Conservation District created?
Please use the link below to understand how an HCD is created:
https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/8b9c-CityPlanning_WestonII_DisplayBoards.pdf


Myth #1: Heritage designation reduces a home’s value and makes it harder to sell.

Professor Robert Shipley, School of Planning, University of Waterloo investigated the sales of 2,707 properties designated under the Ontario Heritage Act over the past 20 years in 24 communities in Ontario. He found that:

  • 74% of individually designated properties equaled or bettered the average property value trend in the community.
  • The rate of sales among individually designated properties was equal to, or greater than, the general rate of sales of properties within their communities.
  • Designated properties tend to resist downturns in the ambient market.
  • Owners of designated buildings can benefit from expert advice from municipal heritage committees and preservation staff, and they may also be eligible for financial incentives such as grants, special loans and tax relief.
Myth #2: It is cheaper to demolish and rebuild than to restore a heritage building.
Charles K. Hoyt, in the Architectural Record says:
  • Heritage conservation and restoration have several advantages over new construction. Many older buildings have unique and desirable features, such as ornate windows and finishes, high ceilings etc. that are prohibitively expensive to create in new buildings. Structural costs on an old building typicallymake up 5 - 12 % of total project costs - half the average expenditure for new construction.
Myth #3: Old building technology is not as efficient as modern replacements.
Paul Howley, a Stratford builder, who works on heritage buildings:
  • Old houses were designed and built to last. Retrofitting with modern materials is only a short-term improvement. Modern materials don’t last as long as old materials that are properly maintained and kept in good repair.
Misconceptions About Heritage Structures

The building is not important enough to be worth saving.
  • Heritage value comes in many forms. It can be a mansion or a worker’s cottage, a wall or a tree. Criteria and standards exist for establishing the significance of a structure.
  • Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Meaning just because one does not know of the history to something doesn’t mean there isn’t any.
The building can’t be saved.
  • Many famous buildings have been saved when they seem to be far beyond help. The Campbell House, Old City Hall and Union Station would be a few.
  • Don’t judge a book by its cover. Houses may show superficial deterioration but be perfectly sound. Get advice from a qualified heritage architect or contractor.
The building has a bad history or memories attached to it.
  • So does the Tower of London but of course that is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. Tragic or illegal events connected to a house does not need to make it undesirable.

Ontario has 134 Heritage Conservation Districts.
(see http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/heritage/heritage_conserving_list.shtml ) Studies show that the best loved places throughout the world, such as Paris and New York, are also the most highly regulated although each plan is unique according to what the community wants.

Heritage Conservation Districts:

Provide a sense of place and belonging:
  • for newcomers and long time residents
  • which makes for a safer neighbourhood
  • not just in ones house but the street and the whole area
  • gives a richer sense of where you live if you know why something has been done
Establish a unique planning framework:
  • meant for each area alone
  • which takes into account the local history character
  • which acknowledges the importance of change balanced with retaining identity, character and key features
Create cultural and economic vitality:
  • Over 70% of millennium home buyers would prefer an older home
  • Local walking tours and house tours showcase the neighbourhood and create interest. People like to see old buildings, big trees, green spaces and places of history.
  • 4.75 million visitors went to museums in Ontario in 2014 spending $291.9 million. 71% of millennials enjoy travel experiences which explore the history of an area, such as museums, historic churches and historic neighbourhoods.
  • Heritage Preservation complements the production of arts and culture, all of which, in turn, fuels the new creative economy
  • Supports specially skilled trades and trades people
  • Prevents loss of resources and craftsmanship that cannot be found anymore
  • Reports and studies on the effects of HCDs has shown an increase in property values for heritage structures
  • Buildings in HCDs maintain their value better than others in a downturn.
  • A landmark saved will continue to serve the community as a marker on the cultural chart of human history from one generation to the next.
Allow for stabilization and maintenance of the character of the neighbourhood:
  • People get to know the neighbourhood better and understand why something is the way it is
  • Prevents “demolition by neglect” which brings a neighbourhood down
Expand the sense of neighbourhood
  • Collaborative nature of creating an HCD has proven to create stronger neighbourhoods
Help the environment
  • The greenest building is the one that is already there, restored properly with as much of its original materials as possible. There are very few buildings that cannot be restored and reused, and in this era of green consciousness, old structures are often sought after.
  • Construction and demolition waste make up to 27% of the overall waste stream in Canada. The industry is also the greatest producer of wood waste, making up between 25% and 45% of all solid waste generated in North America.
  • Construction accounts for 50% of all the natural resources humans consume. 10% to 30% of greenhouse gas emissions are from the production and transportation of building materials and demolition waste.
  • Old buildings don’t only embody history; they embody energy and carbon. Even the plainest brick box, one of no architectural interest, contains carbon in its structure and materials, and energy embodied in its construction.
  • HCDs actively help conserve energy. Natural Resources Canada’s Urban Archetypes Project demonstrates that our heritage neighbourhoods and towns use less energy per capita than any other form of housing, because they are walkable communities.
  • The materials used in most new constructions require more energy to produce than traditional materials. Rehabilitating a building requires less energy than building a new one, so fewer fossil fuels are wasted and less greenhouse gas is produced.
  • Reusing old buildings fosters other green lifestyle choices.
  • Saving a building also means saving all the energy that was used to build and maintain it. Demolishing buildings is quite simply a waste of energy.
City grants are available to help with conservation

Many studies have been done over the years to show how Heritage Conservation Districts have benefited the areas they cover.

Heritage Districts Work – More Success Stories
https://uwaterloo.ca/heritage-resources-centre/sites/ca.heritage-resources-centre/files/uploads/files/HCD%20Study%20Final%20Report%20Summary%20Phase%202%20-%20FINAL.pdf

Heritage Conservation Districts Work: Evidence from the Province of Ontario, Canada
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258198179_Heritage_Conservation_Districts _Work_Evidence_from_the_Province_of_Ontario_Canada

The Rise of Heritage Conservation Districts
https://www.orea.com/News-and-Events/Newsletters/EDGE-Newsletters/2016/November/The-rise-of-heritage-conservation-districts

The Role of Heritage Conservation Districts in Achieving Community Economic Development Goals
https://www.oakville.ca/assets/2011%20planning/hrtg-downtownstudy-appgjul12.pdf

Heritage Districts Work! Heritage Conservation District Study Summary Report
https://www.brampton.ca/EN/Arts-Culture-Tourism/Cultural-Heritage/Documents1/HCDs_Work_Summary_Report_2009.pdf

...and there are lots more.


Please follow this link and go to page 4, for some FAQs answered by the City of Toronto.
https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/9569-CityPlanning_Weston-CCM2_Boards.pdf

FAQ's
Can I replace doors, windows and roofs with more energy efficient materials?     Answer
Can I paint my house in any colour I choose?       Answer
Who sets the design guidelines for Heritage Conservation Districts?       Answer
Under the Heritage Conservation District (HCD) designation, can I do what I please with my house?       Answer
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